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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained wooden window is a crucial part of a historic building. It reflects in varying degree the materials and technologies of the time in which it was constructed, the design and craftsmanship. If repairs are possible to existing windows should be made in-situ. Proprietary resin-based repair systems can be used to fix the most damaged areas of decay without having to remove the entire window. Durability The timber windows in many historic structures were designed to last for hundreds of years. However, they do need to be maintained to ensure they look great and working correctly. The most frequently-asked maintenance tasks include sash-cord repairs and re-tightening the sash pulleys and painting. The demand for upgrading timber windows in order to improve efficiency in energy use is also growing. This could include replacing old glazing units, repairing the window rebates that are in place or installing new cills to increase the air seal. The corrosion of paintwork is a major problem with traditional windows. This is especially important in the case of sash windows, as the gaps between sashes may be extremely large. In these instances water may get through the paint film and cause rotting of the putty as well as underlying wood. The rotting can be exacerbated due to weather conditions that are poor. To stop this from happening, windows need to be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint. In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded need to be repaired with an adhesive-based repair product. This will ensure that the maximum amount of the original fabric is retained. It is important to minimize the number of holes that are drilled into the frame in order to allow cable access, since they can let in moisture and cause decay. The structural movement of the wall can cause deformations in the frame and sash. This can lead to the sash not fitting properly or sticking or jamming into the opening and broken glazing. Most often, this is corrected by fitting new sash boxes that have been constructed from slow-growing deal (pine) or oak. The cill should be constructed of a strong hardwood such as oak, to avoid differential movement between new and old work. To alleviate this issue, there are now a number of companies who produce Boston pattern wooden sash that will fit into the majority of existing openings. They are available in a variety of sizes and finishes that meet the needs of today's homeowner. These new sash, when combined with quadruple draft strips and a better thermal insulation, can make a significant difference to the efficiency of a home's energy use. Aesthetics Many old timber windows have a great aesthetic value since they usually show, in a particular way the materials and techniques and architectural style of the time from when they were built. They could also have significant historical value in their individual cases. This is especially true of early unglazed windows in timber-framed buildings, in which the majority were simply a series openings in frames of structural construction, which were divided horizontally by mullions, and vertically by iron or wood bars in order to protect against intrusions. Traditional window joinery made from timber is a beautiful feature of a building and is essential to maintain its appearance. As soon as you see any signs of decay caused by moisture penetration, it is important to stop it. It is best to do this with thorough painting, particularly if there has been damage or degradation. It is recommended to use paints specifically designed to be used as part of a system (primer undercoat, finish) and follow the manufacturer's instructions in relation to preparation and the amount of coats required at each stage. The fungus that causes wet rot is able to spread quickly in old timber windows. To prevent this from happening, remove any damaged or rotten components as soon as you can. The replacement of rotting timber must be done with care with a slow-growing deal (pine) and, wherever possible using the same species as which is being removed to avoid differential movement between the new and old timbers. Glass became cheaper and more abundant in the late medieval period and into the 17th century. In the process, the glazed openings in timber-framed homes became more complex with moulded mullions and traceries, made of wood and cills that protruded deep. In the past, more often, the glass was set within rebated frames and secured by 'glazing sprigs' rather than being inserted into lead cames. This method of glazing is not just less susceptible to leaks, but also allows for larger and clearer sheets of glass to be used in the windows than would be possible without the need for leaded lights. Energy efficiency Traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness and multilayer construction, as well as their attention to particulars. The large glass areas, the deep projecting cills and large glazing areas reduce air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draughtproofing windows can be upgraded to increase their energy efficiency. It is crucial to remember that these measures should be taken into consideration in relation to the overall appearance and integrity of the original windows. As a result, retaining existing historic windows that require repair rather than replacing them makes sense particularly when thermal enhancements can be achieved cost-effectively through simple repairs and upgrades. Older windows are usually of historical value, as they demonstrate a variety in technological advancement and changes in architectural style. Most people think that these windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, most can still provide service for 150, 200 or even 250 years if they are maintained with proper maintenance. It is crucial to understand that decay issues associated in traditional timber windows are avoidable with quick and thorough repairs. Additionally, it is essential to identify damp penetration problems and address them swiftly to avoid major damage. Early deterioration of paint is a particular problem, since it allows moisture penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this type of damage to go unnoticed until the paintwork starts to crack or turn wavier. However, it could cause structural damage and lead to further decay. A paint of good quality will block moisture penetration. To prevent condensation and mould it is crucial to keep the paintwork as clean as possible. Modern synthetic paints are problematic because they are water-resistant and can cause mildew growth within the window frame. Most older windows were made from sapwood-rich timber. These timbers deteriorate quickly if exposed to rain, however they can be preserved with an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is also important to ensure that the type of timber used is well-suited to the location and climate conditions, since these factors will influence the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers create a variety of timber sash that can be adapted to fit specific historic openings. They can be produced in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes to suit the architectural style of historic structures. Maintenance Regular inspections carefully redecorated, as well as timely repairs can prolong the lifespan of windows made of timber. The main cause of decay is moisture infiltration through deteriorated putty and paint. This can be avoided with careful painting and the use of an excellent wood preservative. Repairs to old sash windows as well as window frames made of casement should be done with care and minimal disruption. Many of the traditional designs for timber windows can be repaired without dismantling the frame, and this method should be followed whenever possible. Paint that is peeling or loose must be removed with care and sanded lightly to increase the 'key' of the surface and facilitate an improved adhesion of the new coating. It is essential to not remove old paint layers, which may have historical significance. If wooden sliding doors cambridge repairmywindowsanddoors of timber has become rotten the best option is to eliminate the rotten material and replace it with spliced-in timber inserts that are shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with a wood preservative and the connection between the timber cill and sub-cill for masonry should be sealed. Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u may be a tempting option, especially when the installer provides a “one-stop shop” installation that takes care of both removal and replacement within a day. It is crucial that installers of replacement windows have a thorough understanding of the history and design of traditional timber frames. This will allow them to make appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technical upgrades that won't harm the historical character of a building. Those providing replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are approved as a suitable solution in accordance with Building Regulations. A skilled carpenter can put in PVC-u windows that conform to the original character of the building. This is particularly relevant when windows are in conservation areas or listed buildings.